The Volvo V40 was named as the all-time top scorer in its segment, achieving a 98% rating for adult occupant protection and 88% for pedestrian protection, aided by an under-bonnet airbag which is fitted across the range. This moves the bonnet upwards when an impact is detected, avoiding contact with hard engine components and the car’s A-pillars. V40 scored 75% for child occupant protection, while its safety assistance systems were awarded a full 100%.

Competitors also performed well. The new Audi A3 scored 95% for adult occupant protection, with the front and rear seatbelt reminders rated highly. It was awarded 74% for pedestrian protection, and 87% for child occupant protection.

The first generation Cee’d was Kia’s first five-star Euro NCAP performer, and its successor has followed its lead. Adult occupant protection was rated at 89%, while child pedestrian protection was scored 88% and at 61% respectively.

Renault’s new Clio will be unveiled to the public at the Paris Motor Show in September, but has already collected the full five stars from Euro NCAP. Clio was praised for its variable airbag deployment in side impact tests, which are adjusted depending on the severity of the crash. The car also scored a best-in-class 66% for pedestrian protection.

In the small MPV class, Ford was awarded five stars for its new B-Max. This has no fixed B-pillar, instead incorporating the structure into the hinged front and sliding rear doors. Despite its unusual construction, it was awarded 92% for adult occupant protection, 84% for child occupant protection and 67% for pedestrian protection.

Also tested was the Isuzu D-Max pickup. This recorded a four-star rating overall, much improved over the two-stars achieved by its predecessor the Rodeo in 2008.

Michiel van Ratingen, Euro NCAP secretary general, commented: ‘In Europe, 14% of all road traffic fatalities are pedestrians. While in the last three years Euro NCAP has increased the requirements, the vehicle manufacturers have stepped up to the challenge. The scores observed today were unthinkable just a few years ago with the new V40 setting a new standard.’